hidden pixel

Provo, Utah Information

Provo (pronounced /ˈproʊvoʊ/) is the third largest city in the state of Utah, located about 43 miles (69 km) south of Salt Lake City along the Wasatch Front. Provo is the county seat of Utah County and lies between the cities of Orem to the north and Springville to the south. With a population of 112,488,[1] Provo is also the principal city in the Provo-Orem metropolitan area, which has an estimated population of 526,810 residents.[5] It is the third largest metro area in the state behind Salt Lake City and Ogden-Clearfield.

The city is home to Brigham Young University, one of the largest private higher education institutions in the United States, which is operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Provo is also home to the largest Missionary Training Center for the LDS church. The city is a key operational center for Novell and has been a focus area for technology development in Utah. The city is also home to the Peaks Ice Arena, which served as a venue for the Salt Lake City Winter Olympics in 2002. Sundance Resort is located 13 miles northeast at Provo Canyon.

In 2009, Provo was listed in "Where to Retire" magazine as an "enticing city for new careers." Provo was also listed in National Geographic Adventure Magazine's "where to live and play" as a cultural hub.[6] In 2010 Forbes rated Provo one of the top 10 places to raise a family.[7]

Contents

History

Father Silvestre Velez de Escalante, a Spanish Franciscan missionary-explorer, is considered the first European explorer to have visited the area, in 1776. Escalante chronicled this first European exploration across the Great Basin desert. Provo was originally called Fort Utah when it was settled in 1849 by 33 Mormon families from Salt Lake City, but was renamed Provo in 1850 for Étienne Provost, an early French-Canadian trapper who arrived in the region in 1825. The Battle of Fort Utah was fought at Provo in 1850.

Geography

Rock Canyon in Provo A mountain trail in autumn

Provo is located at 40°14′40″N 111°39′39″W / 40.24444°N 111.66083°W.[8] It lies in the Utah Valley at an elevation of 4,549 feet (1,387 m). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 41.8 square miles (108.2 km²), of which, 39.6 square miles (102.7 km²) of it is land and 2.2 square miles (5.6 km²) of it (5.14%) is water.

The Wasatch Range contains many peaks within Utah County along the east side of the Wasatch Front. One of these peaks, known as Y Mountain, towers over the city. There is a large "Y" made of whitewashed concrete half-way up the steep mountain, built in the early part of the 20th century to commemorate Brigham Young University (original plans included construction of all three letters: BYU). Wild deer (and less frequently, cougars and moose) still roam the mountains (and occasionally the city streets). The scenery is generally considered enjoyable and allows for hiking, skiing, fishing and other outdoor activities.

Politics

Further information: List of Utah State Legislatures, List of United States Senators from Utah, Utah's 3rd congressional district, 15th Utah Senate District, and 16th Utah Senate District

According to a study released by the Bay Area Center for Voting Research, Provo is the most conservative city in the United States with a population over 100,000.[9][10] Local discussion of national politics tends to fall within the spectrum of moderately conservative to arch-conservative thought. However, Utah's 3rd Congressional District, of which Provo is a part, elected Democrat Bill Orton to three consecutive terms during the 1990s.

Federally, Provo is part of Utah's 3rd congressional district, represented by Republican Jason Chaffetz, elected in 2008.

The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Republican Orrin Hatch, elected in 1976. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Republican Mike Lee, elected in 2010. The Governor of Utah is Republican Gary Herbert, who took office in 2009 following the resignation of Republican Jon Huntsman to be US Ambassador to China and was re-elected in 2010.

City administration

Provo city is administered by a council of seven and a single mayor. Five of the council seats are elected by individual districts of the city while two of the seats are elected by the city as a whole. These elected officials serve a term of four years, with elections alternating every two years. The seats of Council Members Midge Johnson, Cynthia Dayton, Steve Turley, and Sherrie Hall Everett are up for election in 2011. No incumbents are seeking re-election.[11]

The current Mayor of Provo is John Curtis. Mayor Curtis was voted in as the new Mayor of Provo on November 3, 2009 and sworn in on January 5, 2010.[12] In addition, Laura Cabanilla, Rick Healey, and Sterling Beck were elected to the council.[13] Shortly after being elected, Council Member Cabanilla was deployed to active duty, leaving the council operating with six members.

Mayor John Curtis was a partner and the COO of Action Target, a Provo based company which provides firearm training and products to police departments and military bases throughout the United States. His previous employers include OC Tanner and the Citizen Watch Company. He has also served on a number of community and advisory boards including the Provo/Orem Chamber of Commerce (now Utah Valley Chamber of Commerce), the Mountain Valley Chapter of the American Red Cross, the Utah National Parks Council of the Boys Scouts of America, and the Utah Valley Healthcare Foundation.

Former police chief J. Craig Geslison, a 31-year veteran of the Provo Police Department, announced during an external investigation of the Provo Police Department, that he would be retiring effective January 3, 2011. Currently David Bolda is serving as interim police chief.[14]

The City has its own School District with a school board composed of seven members each representing a different district of the city.

Landmarks

Brigham Young University

Brigham Young University taken from the east of the campus

Brigham Young University is a private university operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. BYU is the third largest private university in the United States with more than 32000 students. It is the flagship of the LDS Church Educational System of higher education. The campus is home to the Spencer W. Kimball Tower, the tallest building in Provo.[15][16]

Covey Center for the Arts

The Covey Center for the Arts,[17] a performing arts center, is located on 425 West Center Street. It features plays, ballets, art showcases, and musical performances throughout the year.

LDS Missionary Training Center

Provo is home to the LDS Church's largest Missionary Training Center. Each week some 475 LDS missionaries enter for 3 – 12 weeks of training before they depart for the mission field becoming part of more than 52000 in more than 120 countries. Currently about 1100 instructors (many returned missionaries) teach 62 languages. The center in Provo began construction in July 1974 and completed in July 1976. The MTC was expanded in the early 1990s to become the largest of 17 such centers in the world.[18][19]

Provo City Library at Academy Square

The Provo City Library is a public library which occupies the building of the former Brigham Young Academy built in 1892. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. Its collection contains over 277000 media. The library is located on University Avenue and 550 North.

LDS Temple of Provo, Utah

The Provo Utah Temple is located at the base of Rock Canyon in Provo. This temple is among the busiest the LDS Church operates due to its proximity to Brigham Young University and the Missionary Training Center.[20]

Utah Valley Convention Center

The Utah Valley Convention Center's groundbreaking occurred on June 15, 2010.[21] The convention center is located at Center Street and 200 West. It will play host to conventions, meetings, parties, and other social events. It is scheduled to open spring of 2012.

Climate

Climate data for Provo, Utah, USA
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 60 (15.6) 68 (20) 78 (25.6) 85 (29.4) 93 (33.9) 104 (40) 107 (41.7) 103 (39.4) 98 (36.7) 88 (31.1) 74 (23.3) 66 (18.9) 107 (41.7)
Average high °F (°C) 36 (2.2) 42 (5.6) 51 (10.6) 62 (16.7) 72 (22.2) 82 (27.8) 92 (33.3) 90 (32.2) 80 (26.7) 66 (18.9) 49 (9.4) 40 (4.4) 64 (17.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 27 (-2.8) 33 (0.6) 40 (4.4) 50 (10) 58 (14.4) 67 (19.4) 76 (24.4) 75 (23.9) 65 (18.3) 53 (11.7) 38 (3.3) 31 (-0.6) 51 (10.6)
Average low °F (°C) 18 (-7.8) 24 (-4.4) 30 (-1.1) 38 (3.3) 45 (7.2) 53 (11.7) 61 (16.1) 60 (15.6) 50 (10) 40 (4.4) 28 (-2.2) 22 (-5.6) 39 (3.9)
Record low °F (°C) -22 (-30) -30 (-34.4) 5 (-15) 14 (-10) 27 (-2.8) 35 (1.7) 41 (5) 39 (3.9) 30 (-1.1) 18 (-7.8) -14 (-25.6) -21 (-29.4) -30 (-34.4)
Precipitation inches (mm) 1.3 (33) 1.2 (30) 1.6 (41) 1.8 (46) 1.4 (36) 0.9 (23) 0.6 (15) 0.9 (23) 0.6 (15) 1.2 (30) 1.3 (33) 1.2 (30) 13.9 (353)
Avg. rainy days 3.4 3.2 4 4.5 3.7 2.3 1.6 2.3 1.8 2.5 2.6 3.1 35
Source: [22]

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop.
1860 2,501
1870 2,384 −4.7%
1880 3,432 44.0%
1890 5,159 50.3%
1900 6,185 19.9%
1910 8,925 44.3%
1920 10,303 15.4%
1930 14,766 43.3%
1940 18,071 22.4%
1950 28,937 60.1%
1960 36,047 24.6%
1970 53,131 47.4%
1980 74,108 39.5%
1990 86,835 17.2%
2000 105,166 21.1%
2010 112,488 7.0%

As of the 2000 census[3], 105,166 people, 29,192 households, and 19,938 families resided in the city. The population density was 2,653.2 people per square mile (1,024.3/km²). There were 30,374 housing units at an average density of 766.3 per square mile (295.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 88.52% White, 0.46% Black or African American, 0.80% American Indian, 1.83% Asian, 0.84% Pacific Islander, 5.10% from other races, and 2.44% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 10.47% of the population.

There were 29,192 households out of which 33.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.0% were married couples living together, 7.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 11.8% of all households were made up of a single individual, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.34 and the average family size was 3.40.

22.3% of residents are under the age of 18, 40.2% from 18 to 24, 23.2% from 25 to 44, 8.6% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 23 years. For every 100 females there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $34,313, and the median income for a family was $36,393. Males had a median income of $32,010 versus $20,928 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,207. About 12.5% of families and 26.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.4% of those under age 18 and 4.3% of those age 65 or over.

The residents of Provo are predominantly members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints or LDS. According to data taken in 2000 by the ARDA, 88% of the overall population, and 98% of religious adherents in the Provo-Orem area are LDS.[23]

Transportation

Interstate 15 runs along the west edge of Provo, connecting it with the rest of the Wasatch Front and much of Utah. US-89 runs northwest to southeast through the city as State Street, while US-189 connects US-89 with I-15, BYU, and Orem to the north. At the north edge of the city, US-189 heads northeast into Provo Canyon, where it connects with Heber. Amtrak the national passenger rail system, provides service to Provo station, operating its California Zephyr daily in both directions between Chicago, Illinois and Emeryville, California, across the bay from San Francisco. Provo also can be accessed by Greyhound Bus Lines and the extensive Utah Transit Authority (UTA) bus system. UTA's commuter rail service, FrontRunner, is expected to be extended to Provo from Salt Lake City by 2012.[24]

The Provo Municipal Airport is Utah's second busiest airport in terms of the number of aircraft take-offs and landings. Starting in June 2011, Frontier Airlines offers daily commercial flights to Denver. Salt Lake City International Airport is the closest airport with commercial airline services to multiple cities.

Companies in Provo

Local companies

Provo is home to more than three dozen[25] restaurants, and a couple of shopping centers. The Shops At Riverwoods and The Provo Towne Centre, both shopping malls, operate in Provo. Within the past two years, a number of small shops, music venues, and boutiques have popped up in downtown, along Center Street and University Avenue. Downtown has also begun regularly hosting "gallery strolls," held every first Friday of the month, featuring local artists. There are many different dining establishments in and around downtown Provo. A few exclusively downtown Provo examples include: A Beuford Giffords, aka ABGs, one of only 3 bars in all of Provo and the only bar to host live music every weekend. Sammy's, a popular local cafe among BYU and UVU students renowned for their sweet potato fries and shakes, and Tommy Burger, a world famous burger stand noted for burgers and Chicago-style hot dogs.

Five Provo companies are listed on Inc.com's Inc. 5000 list of the fastest growing private companies in the United States. The largest, DieCuts With a View, is ranked number 1403 and has revenues of $26.2 million.[26] Other companies on the list are VitalSmarts (ranked 1501, with $17.9 million in revenue),[27], and Connect Public Relations (ranked 3694, with $6.1 million in revenue).[28]

MediaWorks Inc., one of Utah's premiere film and video production companies, was founded in Provo in 1998 and continues to provide production services to companies throughout the United States.

The Food & Care Coalition is a local organization providing services to the homeless and low-income citizens of Provo and Utah county. They also provide volunteer opportunities.

International companies

Nu Skin building

Special events

Every July, Provo hosts America's Freedom Festival at Provo which includes the Stadium of Fire at BYU. It is held in LaVell Edwards Stadium, home to Brigham Young University's NCAA football team. The Independence Day festivities are quite popular among local residents and have featured such notable figures as Bob Hope, David Hasselhoff, Reba McEntire, Mandy Moore, Huey Lewis and the News, Toby Keith, Sean Hannity, Fred Willard, Taylor Hicks[29] In 2008 the Blue Man Group, Glenn Beck, and Miley Cyrus performed. The Jonas Brothers and Glenn Beck appeared in 2009.[30]

Provo is also home to two other large festivals each fall. Festival Latinoamericano is an annual family oriented Labor Day weekend event in downtown Provo that offers the community a taste of the region's Hispanic culture through ethnic food, vendors, and performances.[31] The Sego Festival, highlights musicians, artists, and filmmakers based in Utah County.

National attention

External images
Provo Historical Images

Provo was city-ranked 1st for volunteerism (2008),[32] 2nd for business/careers (2010),[33] and 4th in health/well-being (2010);[34] and its metro area is projected to have the greatest population increase in the 2010 United States Census (47%).[35]

Notable residents

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be and removed. (September 2010)

Points of interest

References

  1. ^ a b U.S. Census Bureau 2010 Population
  2. ^ "2010 Census Redistricting Data - US Census Bureau". http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table.
  3. ^ a b "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  4. ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. http://geonames.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  5. ^ "2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File". 2010 Census. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. 2011-02-25. http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
  6. ^ "Provo is No. 1 in a lot of things. Does it matter?". The Daily Herald. 2009. http://heraldextra.com/news/local/central/provo/article_418fd9a3-64db-5571-9703-03435f2fa4bf.html. Retrieved 2009-10-16.
  7. ^ Levy, Francesca (2010-06-07). "America's Best Places to Raise a Family". Forbes.com. http://www.forbes.com/2010/06/04/best-places-family-lifestyle-real-estate-cities-kids.html.
  8. ^ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  9. ^ "Top 10 Conservative Cities". bNet. 2006-05-01. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3827/is_200605/ai_n17175019. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  10. ^ The Bay Area Center for Voting Research (2005-08-11). "The Most Conservative and Liberal Cities in the United States". Archived from the original on 2007-01-07. http://web.archive.org/web/20070107235314/http://votingresearch.org/USAstudy.doc. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
  11. ^ "Provo City Municipal Elections 2011". Councilman Beck. 2011. http://www.followprovo.com/map-of-provo-city-council-districts/provo-city-municipal-elections-2011/. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
  12. ^ "Meet Mayor Curtis". Provo City. 2010. http://www.provo.org/mayorcurtis.meetmayorcurtis.html. Retrieved 2010-03-09.
  13. ^ "Curtis wins Provo mayoral election". The Daily Herald. 2009. http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/govt-and-politics/elections/article_360c9ad3-faf7-58a4-9f7b-adfc12ba1380.html. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  14. ^ "Provo announces interim police chief". The Daily Herald. 2010. http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/central/provo/article_95cc77c2-df94-5d21-9b98-f2dd9a111acd.html. Retrieved 2011-02-02.
  15. ^ Emporis.com "Kimball Tower". Emporis (Unknown last update). http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=kimballtower-provo-ut-usa Emporis.com. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
  16. ^ "Campus Information". Brigham Young University (Unknown last update). http://unicomm.byu.edu/directories/bldg.aspx?id=SWKT. Retrieved April 7, 2007.
  17. ^ "Covey Center for the Arts". http://www.coveycenter.org/.
  18. ^ Robb Hicken (2005-12-01). "BYU helps push language learning for missionaries". BYU NewsNet. http://newsnet.byu.edu/story.cfm/57697. Retrieved 2006-11-09.
  19. ^ "LDS Newsroom - Statistics of LDS Church". http://www.lds.org/ldsnewsroom/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid=37bc12fccd78f010VgnVCM100000176f620aRCRD&vgnextchannel=3e0511154963d010VgnVCM1000004e94610aRCRD.
  20. ^ "Utah Valley/Provo Area Mormon History Sites". Utah.com. http://www.utah.com/mormon/provo_area.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  21. ^ "Construction of Utah County Convention Center gets under way". Deseret News. 2010-06-15. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/700040577/. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
  22. ^ "Historical Weather for Provo, Utah, United States of America". Weatherbase. http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=004057&refer=. Retrieved March 18, 2010.
  23. ^ "Religious adherents in Provo-Orem, Utah". http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/metro/6520_2000.asp.
  24. ^ Warburton, Nicole (August 9, 2007). "UTA sets tentative 2012 date for Provo-Salt Lake commuter rail". The Deseret News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/695199121/UTA-sets-tentative-2012-date-for-Provo-Salt-Lake-commuter-rail.html. Retrieved May 10, 2011.
  25. ^ "Provo Dining Guide". http://chefmoz.org/United_States/UT/Provo/.
  26. ^ "DieCuts With a View". Inc. Magazine. http://www.inc.com/inc5000/2007/company-profile.html?id=200714030. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  27. ^ "VitalSmarts". Inc. Magazine. http://www.inc.com/inc5000/2007/company-profile.html?id=200715010. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  28. ^ "Connect Public Relations". Inc. Magazine. http://www.inc.com/inc5000/2007/company-profile.html?id=200736940. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  29. ^ "Taylor Hicks at Stadium of Fire 2006". http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,635212442,00.html.
  30. ^ "Miley Cyrus coming to Stadium of Fire". Daily Herald. http://www.heraldextra.com/content/view/260857/17/.
  31. ^ "Festival Latinoamericano Official Website". http://festivalprovo.com/Home/tabid/36/language/en-US/Default.aspx.
  32. ^ tbd, Corporation for National and Community Service
  33. ^ "tbd". Forbes. April 2010. http://forbes.com.
  34. ^ Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index, February 2010
  35. ^ CNN Money
  36. ^ Jones, Del (2004-11-09). "Covey takes a lesson from himself, releases '8th Habit'". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/2004-11-08-covey-usat_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  37. ^ "Meet the Writers: Stephen R. Covey". Barnes and Noble. http://www.barnesandnoble.com/writers/writer.asp?cid=852888. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  38. ^ "The Osmonds (The Osmond Family) Biography". Biography.com. http://www.biography.com/search/article.do?id=9430119. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  39. ^ "Fred Roberts". basketballreference.com. http://basketballreference.com/players/playerpage.htm?ilkid=ROBERFR01.
  40. ^ Robinson, Doug (2006-11-22). "The unique sounds of Ryan Shupe". Deseret Morning News. http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,650209372,00.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  41. ^ "Class Acts". ESPN.com. 2005. http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/feature/featureIndex?page=nflhof2005. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  42. ^ "Steve Young". College Football Hall of Fame. http://www.collegefootball.org/famersearch.php?id=80046. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  43. ^ Robinson, Doug (2006-08-13). "Steve Young: A new chapter". Deseret Morning News. http://www.deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,645192483,00.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  44. ^ "Provo River Parkway". http://www.utahcountyonline.org/parks/ParkDetails.asp?IDNO=5. Retrieved 1 April 2011.
  45. ^ "Seven Peaks Water Park". http://www.sevenpeaks.com.

External links

Utah portal
· · Municipalities and communities of Utah County, Utah
County seat: Provo
Cities

Alpine | American Fork | Cedar Hills | Draper | Eagle Mountain | Elk Ridge | Highland | Lehi | Lindon | Mapleton | Orem | Payson | Pleasant Grove | Provo | Salem | Santaquin | Saratoga Springs | Spanish Fork | Springville | Woodland Hills

Towns

Cedar Fort | Fairfield | Genola | Goshen | Vineyard

CDPs

Benjamin | Elberta | Lake Shore | Palmyra | Spring Lake | West Mountain

Unincorporated communities

Birdseye | Vivian Park

Indian reservation

Uintah and Ouray Indian Reservation

Ghost towns

Colton | Forest City | Mill Fork | Mosida | Thistle | Tucker

· · State of Utah
Salt Lake City (capital)
Topics

Cities | Congressional districts | Counties | Flag | Geography | Government | Governors | History | People | Portal | Symbols | Visitor Attractions

Society

Crime · Demographics · Economy · Politics

Regions

Cache Valley | Colorado Plateau | Dixie | Great Basin | Great Salt Lake | Great Salt Lake Desert | Mojave Desert | Monument Valley | San Rafael Swell | Uinta Mountains | Wasatch Back | Wasatch Front | Wasatch Range

Largest cities

American Fork | Bountiful | Cedar City | Clearfield | Cottonwood Heights | Draper | Holladay | Kaysville | Layton | Lehi | Logan | Midvale | Murray | Ogden | Orem | Pleasant Grove | Provo | Riverton | Roy | St. George | Salt Lake City | Sandy | South Jordan | South Salt Lake | Spanish Fork | Springville | Taylorsville | Tooele | West Jordan | West Valley City

Counties

Beaver | Box Elder | Cache | Carbon | Daggett | Davis | Duchesne | Emery | Garfield | Grand | Iron | Juab | Kane | Millard | Morgan | Piute | Rich | Salt Lake | San Juan | Sanpete | Sevier | Summit | Tooele | Uintah | Utah | Wasatch | Washington | Wayne | Weber

Attractions

Arches National Park | Bonneville Salt Flats | Bryce Canyon National Park | Canyonlands National Park | Capitol Reef National Park | Great Salt Lake | Lagoon Amusement Park | Ski areas | Sundance Film Festival | Temple Square | Utah Shakespearean Festival | Zion National Park

Categories: Cities in Utah | County seats in Utah | Populated places established in 1849 | University towns in the United States | Populated places in Utah County, Utah | Wasatch Front

 

The above information uses material from Wikipedia and is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Some facts may not have been fully verified for accuracy. [Disclaimers]
This page was last archived by our server on Wed May 9 03:53:19 2012.
Displaying this page or its contents does not use any Wikimedia Foundation's resources.
The owners of this site proudly support the Wikimedia Foundation.